19. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJV, Velazquez EJ, for the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1893–906.
20. Young JB, Dunlap ME, Pfeffer MA, for the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) Investigators and Committees. Mortality and morbidity reduction with candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation 2004; 110:2618-26.
21. Gattis WA, O'Connor CM, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M, for the IMPACT-HF Investigators and Coordinators. Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: results of the initiation management predischarge: process for assessment of carvedilol therapy in heart failure (IMPACT-HF) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1534-41.
22. Graham Archard. Additional Benefits Versus Practicalities of Beta-Blocker Use in CHF Patients: The 'Some Is Better Than None' Rule. Br J Cardiol. 2005;12(4):313-317.
23. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ.The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709–17.
24. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F; for the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1309-21.
25. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group Circulation 2007;116:1736-1754
26. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. Technology appraisal 120 guidance. Heart failure cardiac resynchronisation. London: NICE, 2007.
27. Allen LA, Yager JE, Jonsson Funk M. Discordante between patient-predicted and model-predicted life expectancy among ambulatory patients with heart failure. Jama 2008; 299: 2533- 2542
28. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Technology appraisal 95 guidance. Arrhythmia: implantable cardioverter defibrillators (review of TA11 guidance). London: NICE, 2008.