7. Ortuño J. Diabetes mellitus y Nefropatia Diabética. ¿Cuál es la magnitud del problema? Nefrología. Volumen XXI. Suplemento 2001; 3: 4 – 8.
8. Romero R. Nefropatia Diabética: Estrategia de prevención. Nefrología. Vol. XXII. Suplemento 1. 2002.
9. Ritz E. Rychlik I. Localelli F. Halimi S. Renal failur in type II diabetic: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimension. Am. J Kidney Dis 1999; 34: 795 – 808.
10. Parving HH, Hommel E, Mathiesen E y cols: Prevalence of microalbuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Br Med J.1988; 296: 156-160.
11. Gonzalez E. Ortiz M. Y Praga M. Diabetes Mellitus y riñón. Predictores de nefropatia y factores de progresión. Nefrología. Volumen XXI. Suplemento 2001;3:46 – 51.
12. Quinn M. Angelico MC. Warran JH. Krolowaki AS: Familial factors determine. The development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia 1996 39:940 – 945.
13. Knoweler WC, Konzelman ChL: Population comparisons of the frequency of diabetic nephropathy. En: Mongensen CE. (Ed) The kidney and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Martinus Nijhoff Publishing. 1988; 25-32.
14. Knoweler WC, Kunzelman ChL: Population comparisons of the frequency of diabetic nephropathy. En: Mogensen CE. (ed.). The kidney and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Martinus Nijhoff Publishing. 1988; 25-32.
15. Hasslacher Ch, Ritz E, Wahl P, Michael C: Similar risk of nephropathy in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 4, 1989; 859-863.
16. Ritz E, Orth SR: Nefropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1127.
17. Marshall SM. Blood Pressure control, microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Med. 1999; 16: 358.
18. Pellill DJ. Saad MF. Bennell PH y cols. Familial predisposition to renal desease in lwo generations of pima Indians with type II diabetic mellitus. Diabetología 1990; 33: 436 – 443.
19. Krolewaki AS. Genetic of diabetic nephropathy: Evidence for major and minor gene effect. Kidney Am. 1990; 55:1562 – 1596.
20. Barzilay J, Warran JH, Bak M, Laffel LMB, Canesa M, Krolewski AS: Predisposition to hypertension: Risk factor for nephropathy and hypertension in IDDM. Kidney Int 1992; 41: 723-730.
21. Krolewski AS: Genetics of diabetic nephropathy: evidence for mayor and minor gene effects. Kidney Int. 1999; 58: 1582-1596.
22. Sharma AM, Beige J, Distler A Role of genetic variants of the reninangiotensin system in chronic renal allograft injury Kidney Int. 1998; 53: 1461-1465.
23. Lorenzo S. V: Manual de Nefrología Clínica, Diálisis y Trasplante. Primera Ed. Harcourt Brace. 1998; 58: 1043 – 1061.
24. Broncali FL. Cazamano AM: Epidemiology and prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Carr Opin. Nephro- Experiens. 1995; 4:223 – 229.
25. Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria as predictor of clinical diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Intern 1987; 31: 673 - 689.
26. Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 356-360.
27. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group. Microalbuminuria in type 1 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 495-501.
28. Castelao A, González M: Prevención de la Nefropatía Diabética. Jarpyo Ed. Madrid 1996.
29. Kikkawa R, Togawa M, Isono M, Isshiki K, Haneda M: Mechanism of the progression of diabetic nephropathy to renal failure Kidney Int. 1997; 52 (Supl. 62) 39-40.
30. UK Prospective Diabetes Study group: Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853.
31. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E y cols: Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients withnon insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomised prospective 6 year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 28: 103 -117.
32. Ruggenenti P, Gambara V, Perna A y cols: The nephropathy in non insulin dependent diabetes: Predictors of outcome relative to diverse patterns of renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9: 2336-2343.
33. Harris RD, Steffes MW, Bilous RW, y cols: Global glomerular sclerosis and glomerular arteriolar hyalinosis in insulin dependent diabetes. Kidney Int 1991; 40: 107-110.
34. Bojealing M. Araquial HJ. Hermanzzon G y cols: Declining incidence of nephropathy in inzuilin-dependent. Diabetic Mellitus. N. Eng. J Med. 1994; 330: 15 - 18.
35. Rozzing P. Rozzing K. Parving HH:Unchanged incidence of diabetic nephropathy in IDDM patients. Diabetes 1995; 44: 739 – 743.
36. Orth SR. Smoking a renal risk factor. Nephron 2000; 86 (1): 12-26.
37. Halimi JH, Philippon C, Mimran A: Contrasting renal effects of nicotine in smokers and non smokers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 940-944.
38. Gambaro G, Verlato F, Budakovic A y: Renal Impairment in chronic cigarette smokers. J Am Soc Nephrolt 1998; 9(4): 562-567.
39. The renal risks of smoking. Kidney Int 1997; 51: 1669 -77.
40. Remuzzi G: Cigarette smoking and renal function impairment Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33: 807-813.
41. Factores de riesgo de la Nefropatia Diabética. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Time to Act. 2003; 4: 31- 37.