125. Harbrecht P J, Garrison N, Fry D E. ―Early urgent relaparotomy‖. Arch Surg. 1984; 119: 369–374.
126. A. R. Moossa; A. David Mayer; Bruce Stabile. ―Iatrogenic Injury to the Bile Duct Who, How, Where?‖. Arch Surg. 1990; 125(8):1028-1031.
127. Neuhaus P, Schmidt SC, Hintze RE, Adler A, Veltzke W, Raakow R, Langrehr JM, Bechstein WO. Classification and treatment of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chirurg 2000; 71(2): 166-73.
128. Branum G, Schmitt C, Baillie J, Suhocki P, Baker M, Davidoff A. Management of major biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann of Surg 1993 ;( 217): 532-41.
129. Quevedo Guanche L, Díaz Calderín JA, Combarro Gómez M. Iatrogenias quirúrgicas de las vías biliares. Act. Med 1991; 5(1): 30 – 38.
130. Roslyn, J.J., Binns, G.S., Hughes, F.X.E., Saunders-Kirkwood, K., Zinner, M.J., Cates, J.A.: ―Open cholecystectomy: a contempoary analysis of 42,464 patients‖. Ann. Surg. 1993; 218:129.
131. Fletcher, D.R., Hobbs, M.S.T., Tan, P., Valinsky, L.J., Hockey, R.L., Pikora, T.J., Knuiman, M.W., Sheiner, H.J., Edis, A.: ―Complications of cholecystectomy: risks of the laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography: a population-based study‖. Ann. Surg.1999; 229:449.
132. Steven A. Ahrendt, M.D., Henry A. Pitt. “Surgical Therapy of Iatrogenic Lesions of Biliary Tract World J. Surg. 25, 1360–1365, 2001.
133. Adamsen, S., Hansen, O.H., Funch-Jensen, P., Schulze, S., Stage, J.G., Wara, P.: ―Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective nationwide series‖. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 184:571, 1997.
134. Wherry, D.C., Marohn, M.R., Malanoski, M.P., Hetz, S.P., Rich, N.M.: ―An external audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the steady state performed in medical treatment facilities of the Department of Defense. Ann. Surg. 1996; 224:145.
135. Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 2008 top 10 sentinel events by type.
http://www .jointcommission.org/ NR/rdonlyres /67297896- 4E16-4BB7 -BF0F- 5DA4 A87B0 2F2/0/ se_stats _trends _year.pdf. Accessed November 9, 2010.
136. Allen G. Evidence for practice. AORN J. 2008;87(4):833-837.
137. Gawande AA, Studdert DM, Orav EJ, Brennan TA, Zinner MJ. Risk factors for retained instruments and sponges after surgery. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(3):229-235.

138. Bani-Hani KE, Gharaibeh KA, Yaghan RJ. Retained surgical sponges (gossypiboma). Asian J Surg. 2005; 28(2):109-115.

139. Cima RR, Kollengode A, Garnatz J, Storsveen A, Weisbrod C, Deschamps C. Incidence and characteristics of potential and actual retained foreign object events in surgical patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2008; 207(1):80-87.

140. Wan W, Le T, Riskin L, Macario A. Improving safety in the operating room: a systematic literature review of retained surgical sponges. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009; 22(2):207-214.

141. Lincourt AE, Harrell A, Cristiano J, Sechrist C, Kercher K, Heniford BT. ―Retained foreign bodies after surgery‖. J Surg Res. 2007; 138(2):170-174.
142. Gibbs VC. Patient safety practices in the operating room: correct-site surgery and nothing left behind. Surg Clin North Am. 2005; 85(6):1307- 1319.
143. AORN Recommended Practices Committee. Recommended practices for sponges, sharps, and instrument counts. AORN J. 2006;83(2):418,421- 426,429-433.

144. Greenberg CC, Diaz-Flores R, Lipsitz SR, Regenbogen SE, Mulholland L, Mearn F, Rao S. Bar-coding surgical sponges to improve safety: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2008; 247(4):612-616.

145. Egorova NN, Moskowitz A, Gelijns A, Weinberg A, Curty J, Rabin-Fastman B, Kaplan H, Cooper M, Fowler D, Emond JC, Greco G. ―Managing the prevention of retained surgical instruments: what is the value of counting? Ann Surg. 2008 Jan; 247(1):13-8.
146. Camp M, Chang DC, Zhang Y, Chrouser K, Colombani PM, Abdullah F. ―Risk factors and outcomes for foreign body left during a procedure: analysis of 413 incidents after 1 946 831 operations in children‖. Arch Surg. 2010 Nov; 145(11):1085-90.
147. Dossett LA, Dittus RS, Speroff T, May AK, Cotton BA.Cost-effectiveness after emergent open cavity operations. Surgery. 2008; 144(2):317-321.
148. Macilquham MD, Riley RG, Grossberg P. Identifying lost surgical needles using radiographic techniques. AORN J. 2003; 78(1):73-78.

149. Fabian CE. Electronic tagging of surgical sponges to prevent their accidental retention. Surgery. 2005; 137(3):298-301.
150. Macario A, Morris D, Morris S. Initial clinical evaluation of a handheld device for detecting retained surgical gauze sponges using radiofrequency identification technology. Arch Surg. 2006; 141(7):659-662.
151. Sandip P Vasavada, Raymond Rackley. ―Ureteral injury during Gynecologic Surgery‖,
Surgeryhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/454617-overview. Updated: Nov 7, 2008.
152. Kwaan MR, Studdert DM, Zinner MJ, Gawande AA. “Incidence, patterns, and prevention of wrong-site surgery. Arch Surg. 2006 Apr; 141(4):353-7.
153. Medina-Franco H, Ramos-de la Medina A, Torres-Villalobos G, de León HT Mortality-associated factors in major surgery: retrospective analysis in a referral center Rev Invest Clin. 2006 Jan-Feb; 58(1):9-14.
154. Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY, Raval MV, Ko CY, Nathens AB, Hall BL. ―Comparison of 30-day outcomes after emergency general surgery procedures: potential for targeted improvement‖. Surgery. 2010 Aug; 148(2):217-38.
155. McIntyre R, Reinbach D, Cuschieri RJ. Emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1997 Jun; 42(3):173-8.
156.158. Lombardo Vaillant Tomás Ariel, Soler Morejón Caridad, Lombardo Vaillant Juvenal, Casamayor Laime Zuleika. Aplicación del índice predictivo de reintervención abdominal en el diagnóstico de complicaciones infecciosas intraabdominales. Rev Cub Med Mil [revista en la Internet]. 2009 Mar [citado 2011 Mar 30]; 38(1). Disponible en:
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0138- 65572009000100002&lng=es.
157. B. Lamme, C.W. Mahler, 0. van Ruler, D.J. Gouma, Reitsma JB, MA. Boermeester. CHAPTER 7 Clinical predictors of ongoing infection in secondary peritonitis: a systematic Review. 2003, Downloaded from UvA- DARE, the Institutional Repository of the University of Amsterdam (UvA).
http://dare.uva.nl/document/102441.
158. Elfriede Bollschweiler, Thomas Lubke, Stefan P Monig,Arnulf H Holscher. Evaluation of POSSUM scoring system in patients with gastric cancer undergoing D2-gastrectomy. BMC Surgery 2005, 5:8 doi:10.1186/1471- 2482-5-8. This article is available from:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2482/5/8.
159. George A Khoury, Mortality control charts. Both components of POSSUM ratio require critical analysis. BMJ 2003 June 21; 326(7403): 1397.
160. Simon D Bann, Sanjeev Sarin. Comparative audit: the trouble with POSSUM. R Soc Med. 2001 December; 94(12): 632–634.
161. Matija Horzic; Mario Kopljar; Kristijan Cupurdija; Djana Vanjak Bielen; Domagoj Vergles; Zeljko Lackovic. Comparison of P-POSSUM and Cr- POSSUM Scores in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Resection. Arch Surg. 2007; 142(11):1043-1048.
162. Graham Paul Copeland, ChM . The POSSUM System of Surgical Audit. Arch Surg. 2002; 137:15-19.
163. CiruWeb. POSSUM score, disponible en:
http://www.galeon.com/ciruweb/Possum.htm
164. Bennett-Guerrero E, Hyam JA, Shaefi S, Prytherch DR, Sutton GL, Weaver PC, Mythen MG, Grocott MP, Parides MK Comparison of P- POSSUM risk adjusted mortality rates after surgery between patients in the USA and the UK. Br J Surg. 2003; 90(12):1593-1598.
165. Senagore AJ, Warmuth AJ, Delaney CP, Tekkis PP, Fazio VW. POSSUM, p-POSSUM, and Cr-POSSUM: implementation issues in a United States health care system for prediction of outcome for colon cancer resection. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004; 47(9):1435-1441.
166. Ren L, Upadhyay AM, Wang L, Li L, Lu J, Fu W. Mortality rate prediction by Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), Portsmouth POSSUM and Colorectal POSSUM and the development of new scoring systems in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Am J Surg. 2009 Jul; 198(1):31-8. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
167. Teeuwen PH, Bremers AJ, Groenewoud JM, van Laarhoven CJ, Bleichrodt RP. Predictive value of POSSUM and ACPGBI scoring in mortality and morbidity of colorectal resection: a case-control study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011 Feb; 15(2):294-303.
168. Clarke A, Murdoch H, Thomas MJ, Cook TM, Peden CJ. ―Mortality and postoperative care after emergency laparotomy‖. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Jan; 28(1):16-9.
169. Yii MK, Ng KJ. Risk-adjusted surgical audit with the POSSUM scoring system in a developing country. Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity.Br J Surg. 2002; 89(1):110-3.
170. Brooks MJ, Sutton R, Sarin S. Comparison of Surgical Risk Score, POSSUM and p-POSSUM in higher-risk surgical patients. Br J Surg. 2005 Oct; 92(10):1288-92.
171. Shukri F. Khuri, Jennifer Daley, William Henderson, Kwan Hur, John Demakis, J. Bradley Aust, Vernon Chong, Peter J. Fabri, James 0. Gibbs, Frederick Grover, Karl Hammermeister, George Irvin 111, Gerald McDonald, Edward Passaro, Jr., Lloyd Phillips, Frank Scamman, Jeannette Spencer, John F. Stremple. The Department of Veterans Affairs' NSQIP. The First National, Validated, Outcome-Based, Risk-Adjusted, and Peer-Controlled Program for the Measurement and Enhancement of the Quality of Surgical Care. Ann Surg 1998; 228(4):491-507.
172. Neary WD, Prytherch D, Foy C, Heather BP, Earnshaw JJ. Comparison of different methods of risk stratification in urgent and emergency surgery. Br J Surg. 2007 Oct; 94(10):1300-5.
173. Whiteley MS, Prythrch DR, Higgins B, Weaver PC, Pruot WG. An evaluation of the POSSUM surgical scoring system. Br J Surg 1996; 83: 812–5.
174. Haga Y, Ikejiri K, Wada Y, Takahashi T, Ikenaga M, Akiyama N, Koike S,
Koseki M, Saitoh T. ―A multicenter prospective study of surgical audit systems‖. Ann Surg. 2011 Jan; 253(1):194-201.
175. Kodama A, Narita H, Kobayashi M, Yamamoto K, Komori K. ―Usefulness of POSSUM Physiological Score for the Estimation of Morbidity and Mortality Risk After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Japan. Circ J 2011; 75: 550-556.
176. Lancaster J, Jones BF, Ghosh SK, Tandon S, Kinshuck A, Goodyear P, Roland NJ, Jackson SR, Jones TMIs POSSUM predictive of morbidity and mortality in laryngectomy patients? Auris Nasus Larynx. 2011 Jan 27.
177. Knight BC, Kausar A, Manu M, Ammori BA, Sherlock DJ, O'Reilly DA. ―Evaluation of surgical outcome scores according to ISGPS definitions in patients undergoing pancreatic resection‖. Dig Surg. 2010; 27(5):367-74. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
178. Constantinides VA, Tekkis PP, Senapati A; Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. ―Comparison of POSSUM scoring systems and the surgical risk scale in patients undergoing surgery for complicated diverticular disease‖. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Sep; 49(9):1322-31.
179. V. Valenti, J. L. Hernandez-Lizoain, J. Baixauli, C. Pastor, F. Martinez-Regueira, J. J. Beunza, J. J. Aristu and J. Alvarez Cienfuegos. Analysis of POSSUM score and postoperative morbidity in patients with rectal cancer undergoing surgery.Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 2009; 394( 1): 55-63.
180. Karina de Cássia Braga Ribeiro; Luiz Paulo Kowalski. APACHE II, POSSUM, and ASA Scores and the Risk of Perioperative Complications in Patients With Oral or Oropharyngeal Cancer Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129:739-745.
181. Elfriede Bollschweiler, Thomas Lubke, Stefan P Monig and Arnulf H Holscher. ―Evaluation of POSSUM scoring system in patients with gastric cancer undergoing D2-gastrectomy‖. BMC Surgery 2005, 5:8doi:10.1186/1471-2482-5-8.
182. Medrano Montero, Ernesto; Reytor Gutierrez, Manuel René; Aviles Cruz, C. Pura y Bedia Gonzalez, José Antonio. La reintervención quirúrgica como tratamiento de la hipertensión intraabdominal. Rev Cubana Cir [online]. 2007, vol.46, n.1, pp. 0-0. ISSN 0034-7493.
183. Moore AF, Hargest R, Martin M. Delicata RJ. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartmentt syndrome. Br ] Surg 2004; 91: 1102-10.